Clostridium difficile is an opportunistic organism that causes infection in patients with an alteration in intestinal microbiota, and there is a high risk of recurrence associated with C. difficile infection (CDI). This large randomized controlled trial comparing fidaxomicin to vancomycin, together with {1}, demonstrated a lower rate of recurrence in the fidaxomicin group. In addition, clinical response rates were similar in the treatment of a first recurrence of CDI; however, fidaxomicin was shown to be more likely to prevent a second recurrence. This Recommendation is of an article referenced in an F1000 Faculty Review also written by Andrew W. Dupont, Meera B. Avila and Nathaniel P. Avila.