Remembering words not presented in lists: Can we avoid creating false memories?
Open Access
- 1 June 1997
- journal article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
- Vol. 4 (2), 271-276
- https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03209405
Abstract
Can subjects avoid creating false memories as outlined in Roediger and McDermott’s (1995) false recognition paradigm if they are forewarned about this memory illusion? We presented subjects with semantically related word lists, followed by a recognition test. The test was composed of studied words, semantically related nonstudied words (critical lures), and unrelated nonstudied words. One group of subjects was uninformed about the false recognition effect, a second group was urged to minimize all false alarms, and a third group was forewarned about falsely recognizing critical lures. Compared with the uninformed and cautious subjects, the forewarned subjects reduced their false alarm rate for critical lures, and they made remember and know judgments equally often for recognized studied words and critical lures. But forewarning did not eliminate the false recognition effect, as these subjects and those in the other groups made numerous false recognitions in this task.This publication has 16 references indexed in Scilit:
- False perceptions of false memories.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 1996
- The Neuropsychology of Memory Illusions: False Recall and Recognition in Amnesic PatientsJournal of Memory and Language, 1996
- Memory Illusions: Recalling, Recognizing, and Recollecting Events that Never OccurredJournal of Memory and Language, 1996
- Memory IllusionsJournal of Memory and Language, 1996
- From a passing thought to a false memory in 2 minutes: Confusing real and illusory eventsPsychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1996
- Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 1995
- The reality of repressed memories.American Psychologist, 1993
- The reality of repressed memories.American Psychologist, 1993
- Memory and consciousness.Canadian Psychology / Psychologie canadienne, 1985
- False recognition produced by implicit verbal responses.Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1965