Full-scale uplift and compression tests were carried out on three instrumented piers installed in fine to medium submerged sand near Walkerton, Ontario, Canada. The results are presented and analyzed along with model tests carried out in the laboratory in uniform silica sand. The present design practice is examined in view of test results with respect to both the skin friction and the base resistance components of the ultimate capacity. Based on test results a new design criteria for short piers in sand was developed.