Low-tidal-volume Mechanical Ventilation Induces a Toll-like Receptor 4–dependent Inflammatory Response in Healthy Mice

Abstract
MECHANICAL ventilation (MV) facilitates surgical interventions during general anesthesia and is a lifesaving intervention in acute respiratory failure. However, MV can induce lung injury; this has been termed ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI).1 VILI can exacerbate damage in the already injured lung but can also occur in healthy lung.2 The mechanisms of VILI are incompletely understood, but a role for proinflammatory pathways has been proposed.3