One‐year psychosocial functioning in patients in the early vs. late stage of bipolar disorder
- 30 January 2012
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Wiley in Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
- Vol. 125 (4), 335-341
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01830.x
Abstract
The aim of this 1-year follow-up study was to compare functional outcome as well as clinical differences between patients with first- and multiple-episode bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder patients with first (n = 60) and multiple episodes (n = 59) were recruited from two hospitals in Spain. The Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) was used to assess functioning. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) were administered to assess mood symptoms. As expected, patients with first episode experienced a greater functioning compared to patients with multiple episodes (11.26 ± 10.94 vs. 26.91 ± 13.96; t = 6.436, P < 0.001). There were significant demographic and clinical differences between both groups. Baseline depressive symptoms (F = 9.553, df = 4, 102; P < 0.001) and age (F = 14.145, df = 4, 103; P < 0.001) were significantly associated with poor functional recovery at 6-month and 12-month assessment, respectively, in a group of patients with multiple episodes. Our data give support to the model of staging in bipolar disorder, showing that the enduring neurotoxicity of repeated episodes may contribute to sustained impairment in multiple areas of psychosocial functioning.Keywords
This publication has 58 references indexed in Scilit:
- Functional Remediation for Bipolar DisorderClinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health, 2011
- 2-year course of bipolar disorder type I patients in outpatient care: Factors associated with remission and functional recoveryEuropean Neuropsychopharmacology, 2011
- Terciarismo en psiquiatría: el Programa de Trastornos Bipolares del Clínic de BarcelonaSpanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health, 2011
- McLean-Harvard International First-Episode ProjectBritish Journal of Psychology, 2010
- The role and impact of contextual factors on functioning in patients with bipolar disorderDisability and Rehabilitation, 2010
- Psychosocial functioning among bipolar youthJournal of Affective Disorders, 2009
- Validity and reliability of the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) in bipolar disorderClinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health, 2007
- Symptomatic and functional outcome 12 months after a first episode of psychotic mania: barriers to recovery in a catchment area sampleBipolar Disorders, 2006
- Subjective life satisfaction and objective functional outcome in bipolar and unipolar mood disorders: A longitudinal analysisJournal of Affective Disorders, 2005
- A Rating Scale for Mania: Reliability, Validity and SensitivityThe British Journal of Psychiatry, 1978