Optical spatial solitons: historical perspectives

Abstract

Optical spatial solitons are self-trapped optical beams that exist by virtue of the balance between diffraction and nonlinearity. They propagate and interact with one another while displaying properties that are normally associated with real particles. Solitons, in general, manifest themselves in a large variety of wave/particle systems in nature: practically in any system that possesses both dispersion (in time or space) and nonlinearity. Solitons have been identified in optics, plasmas, fluids, condensed matter, particle physics, and astrophysics. Yet over the past decade, the forefront of soliton research has shifted to optics. In the paper, we describe the historical evolution of spatial solitons from speculative creatures to one of the most fascinating features optics has to offer.