Doxycycline Inhibits TGF-β1–Induced MMP-9 via Smad and MAPK Pathways in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells

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Abstract
Purpose. To evaluate the effects of TGF-β1 and doxycycline on production of gelatinase MMP-9 and activation of Smad, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in human corneal epithelial cells.