Developmental cascades: Externalizing, internalizing, and academic competence from middle childhood to early adolescence
- 24 June 2010
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Cambridge University Press (CUP) in Development and Psychopathology
- Vol. 22 (3), 635-653
- https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579410000337
Abstract
The current study was initiated to increase understanding of developmental cascades in childhood in a sample of at-risk boys (N = 291; 52% White). Mothers, teachers, and boys reported on boys' externalizing problems, internalizing difficulties, and academic competence. Consistent with hypotheses regarding school-related transitions, high levels of externalizing problems were associated with both low levels of academic competence and high levels of internalizing problems during the early school-age period, and with elevations in internalizing problems during the transition to adolescence. Low levels of academic competence were associated with high levels of internalizing problems in middle childhood, and with high levels of externalizing problems during the transition from elementary school to middle school. Shared risk factors played a minimal role in these developmental cascades. Results suggest that there are cascading effects of externalizing problems and academic competence in childhood and early adolescence, and that some cascading effects are more likely to occur during periods of school-related transitions. Implications of developmental cascade effects for research and intervention are discussed.Keywords
This publication has 116 references indexed in Scilit:
- Effects of Aggression on Achievement: Does Conflict With the Teacher Make It Worse?Child Development, 2008
- The Family Check‐Up With High‐Risk Indigent Families: Preventing Problem Behavior by Increasing Parents’ Positive Behavior Support in Early ChildhoodChild Development, 2008
- Adolescent School Failure Predicts Later Depression Among GirlsJournal of Adolescent Health, 2008
- Reciprocal Associations between Boys’ Externalizing Problems and Mothers’ Depressive SymptomsJournal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2008
- Psychosocial outcomes of anxious first graders: a seven-year follow-upDepression and Anxiety, 2007
- Physical environmental adversity and the protective role of maternal monitoring in relation to early child conduct problemsJournal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 2007
- Pure Versus Co-occurring Externalizing and Internalizing Symptoms in Children: The Potential Role of Socio-Developmental MilestonesClinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 2005
- Reciprocal relations between adolescent substance use and delinquency: A longitudinal latent variable analysis.Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2002
- The Family Ecology of Boys' Peer Relations in Middle ChildhoodChild Development, 1990
- A Test of Missing Completely at Random for Multivariate Data with Missing ValuesJournal of the American Statistical Association, 1988