This paper reevaluates federal allocation decisions to protect 241 endangered vertebrates between 1993–1996. We control for the time invariant species characteristics to address species heterogeneity bias. The results suggest that yearly variation in variables like endangerment rankings and economic conflict now have no significant effect on the expenditures. This finding implies either these factors did not vary enough during the time frame or their impact has been biased upward in non-panel data exercises. This suggests any combination of time invariant factors, from charisma to the underlying ecosystem and historical uses as game species, could explain federal outlays for species protection. (JEL Q28)