Muscle activity in rat locomotion: Movement analysis and electromyography of the flexors and extensors of the elbow
- 1 June 1975
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Wiley in Journal of Morphology
- Vol. 146 (2), 177-196
- https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051460202
Abstract
Footfall patterns and time sequence of activity are described for white rats conditioned to run freely in an activity wheel (which they drive). Motion is described in terms of soft contact, hard contact, soft contact, and flip phases. Duration of stride decreases and length of stride increases from walk to trot to canter to gallop. Myographic analysis shows that the brachialis has a major tonic function after it fires strongly during the flip phase and during much of the hard contact phase. Animals running at canter or gallop show major asymmetries between forelimb muscles on the first paw and on the lead paw sides.Keywords
This publication has 16 references indexed in Scilit:
- The cat step cycle: Hind limb joint angles and muscle lengths during unrestrained locomotionJournal of Morphology, 1973
- The functional anatomy and evolution of the mammalian humero‐ulnar articulationJournal of Anatomy, 1973
- Limb posture and locomotion in the Virginia opossum (Didelphis marsupialis) and in other non‐cursorial mammalsJournal of Zoology, 1971
- Locomotion in Some East African ViverridsJournal of Mammalogy, 1970
- Symmetrical Gaits of HorsesScience, 1965
- An experimental study of the anatomical organization of the cortico‐bulbar system in the albino ratJournal of Comparative Neurology, 1964
- WALKING, RUNNING, AND JUMPINGAmerican Zoologist, 1962
- Transplantation of motor nerves and muscles in the forelimb of the ratJournal of Comparative Neurology, 1942
- The effect of crossing nerves to antagonistic muscles in the hind limb of the ratJournal of Comparative Neurology, 1941
- The functional results of muscle transposition in the hind limb of the ratJournal of Comparative Neurology, 1940