The Indentation Size Effect: A Critical Examination of Experimental Observations and Mechanistic Interpretations
Top Cited Papers
- 1 June 2010
- journal article
- Published by Annual Reviews in Annual Review of Materials Research
- Vol. 40 (1), 271-292
- https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-070909-104456
Abstract
The indentation size effect is one of several size effects on strength for which “smaller is stronger.” Through use of geometrically self-similar indenters such as cones and pyramids, the size effect is manifested as an increase in hardness with decreasing depth of penetration and becomes important at depths of less than approximately 1 μm. For spherical indenters, the diameter of the sphere is the most important length scale; spheres with diameters of less than approximately 100 μm produce measurably higher hardnesses. We critically review experimental observations of the size effect, focusing on the behavior of crystalline metals, and examine prevailing ideas on the mechanisms responsible for the effect in light of recent experimental observations and computer simulations.Keywords
This publication has 74 references indexed in Scilit:
- Materials mechanical size effects: a reviewMaterials Technology, 2008
- Plasticity size effects in nanoindentationJournal of Materials Research, 2004
- On the origins and mechanisms of the indentation size effectZeitschrift für Metallkunde, 2003
- Interpretations of Indentation Size EffectsJournal of Applied Mechanics, 2002
- On the reverse indentation size effect and microhardness measurement of solidsMaterials Chemistry and Physics, 2000
- The microhardness indentation load/size effect in rutile and cassiterite single crystalsJournal of Materials Science, 1993
- An explanation of the indentation size effect in ceramicsPhilosophical Magazine Letters, 1989
- Hardness measurement at penetration depths as small as 20 nmPhilosophical Magazine A, 1983
- The direct measurement of the strength of metals on a sub-micrometre scaleProceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 1970
- PROGRESS IN MICRO-INDENTATION HARDNESS TESTINGMetallurgical Reviews, 1959