Electric and magnetic susceptibilities and shielding factors for closed-shell atoms and ions of high nuclear charge

Abstract
Theoretical expressions for the electric and magnetic susceptibilities and shielding factors of closed-shell atoms and ions are derived from the point of view of the relativistic random-phase approximation. These expressions are evaluated to determine electric-dipole, electric-quadrupole, and magnetic-dipole susceptibilities, and shielding factors for ions of the noble-gas isoelectronic sequences, as well as for selected ions having closed s, d, and f shells. Comparisons are given with previous theoretical work and with experiment.