Fourth Report on the Standardisation of Terminology of Lower Urinary Tract Function: Terminology related to neuromuscular dysfunction of the lower urinary tract: PRODUCED BY THE INTERNATIONAL CONTINENCE SOCIETY*

Abstract

This report deals with recommendations on terminology related to neuromuscular dysfunction of the lower urinary tract with particular reference to classification of the neuropathic bladder. These standards are proposed to facilitate comparison of results by investigators who use urodynamic methods. It is recommended that the acknowledgement of these standards in written publications be indicated by a footnote to the section “Methods and Material” or its equivalent: “Methods, definitions and units conform to the standards proposed by the International Continence Society except where specifically noted”.