Chlorophyll fluorescence for rapid detection of propanil-resistant barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)
- 1 February 1998
- journal article
- Published by Cambridge University Press (CUP) in Weed Science
- Vol. 46 (2), 163-169
- https://doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500090366
Abstract
Repeated use of propanil to control barnyardgrass (BYG) and other weeds in rice has led to the development of propanil-resistant barnyardgrass (R-BYG). R-BYG possesses elevated aryl acylamidase activity levels, which cause rapid metabolism of propanil analogous to propanil degradation in rice. The current screening method for determining propanil resistance in BYG requires about 10 mo. The present study examined the use of chlorophyll fluorescence as a more rapid method to identify propanil resistance in BYG soon after it is suspected. Chlorophyll fluorescence data from excised BYG leaf tissue (R-BYG and susceptible-BYG [S-BYG]; 13- to 41-d-old) exposed to 100 μM propanil for 2 h indicated a 95 to 100% inhibition of electron transport (photosynthesis inhibition) in both R- and S-BYG. However, when incubated in water in the dark for 22 h after the initial 2-h treatment, metabolism in R-BYG was sufficient to reduce levels of absorbed propanil and facilitate recovery. Lack of metabolism of propanil prevented recovery in S-BYG, thus allowing the two biotypes to be distinguished easily by the chlorophyll fluorescence assay. Further studies using this 2-h exposure to 100 μM propanil followed by a 22-h recovery period evaluated several assay parameters. A longer recovery time and the effects of various propanil concentrations were also evaluated. A herbicide dose-response curve showed the greatest difference in photosynthesis inhibition for both biotypes at about 100 μM propanil, but both biotypes were inhibited > 95% when treated with 400 μM propanil. Inhibition of photosynthesis in both biotypes was greatest when the recovery incubation temperature was 35 C compared to 20, 25, and 30 C. Fluorescence data from harvested tissue stored moist in plastic bags at 23 C (to simulate shipment) showed that biotypes could be differentiated even when received as late as 4 d after harvest. Thus, samples can be harvested from the field soon after propanil failure and resistance or susceptibility to propanil determined after only a few days. This technique can greatly reduce the time, space, and labor currently required to determine propanil resistance in BYG.Keywords
This publication has 20 references indexed in Scilit:
- Resistance Mechanism of Propanil-Resistant BarnyardgrassPesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 1995
- Age‐related mechanisms of propanil tolerance in Jungle‐rice, Echinochloa colonaPesticide Science, 1995
- The propanil hydrolyzing enzyme aryl acylamidase in the wild rices of genus OryzaPesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 1990
- Chlorophyll fluorescence as a rapid test for reaction to urea herbicides in winter wheatThe Journal of Agricultural Science, 1988
- Stability of Chloroplastic Triazine Resistance in Rutabaga Backcross GenerationsPlant Physiology, 1986
- Rapid chlorophyll fluorescence technique for the study of penetration of photosynthetically active herbicides into leaf tissueWeed Research, 1985
- Action of propanil on in vivo chlorophyll a fluorescence in Echinochloa crus‐galli and riceWeed Research, 1981
- The metabolism of 3,4-dichloropropionanilide in plants. Partial purification and properties of an aryl acylamidase from ricePhytochemistry, 1968
- Chemical Control of Plant Growth and Development : (3) Some herbicidal properties of Stam F-34 : 3, 4-dichloropropionanilideJapanese Journal of Crop Science, 1963
- 3,4-Dichloropropionanilide for Control of Barnyardgrass in RiceWeeds, 1961