Women and Salary Negotiation: The Costs of Self-Advocacy
- 1 March 2001
- journal article
- Published by SAGE Publications in Psychology of Women Quarterly
- Vol. 25 (1), 65-76
- https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-6402.00008
Abstract
Introducing the concepts of self- and other-advocacy should prove useful as a means of understanding the different contexts in which women and men can effectively and comfortably exert power and influence when making requests. In this conceptual paper, social psychological research is reviewed demonstrating that women can advocate effectively on behalf of others without incurring costs, but gender-linked stereotypes, roles, and norms constrain them from advocating as freely and effectively for themselves. It is argued that women do not frequently make requests for themselves, because they have learned that they may ultimately lose more than they gain. This gendered difference has implications for ongoing pay and promotion inequities.Keywords
This publication has 73 references indexed in Scilit:
- Sex Discrimination in Simulated Employment Contexts: A Meta-analytic InvestigationJournal of Vocational Behavior, 2000
- Gender Differences in Employer-Supported Training and EducationJournal of Vocational Behavior, 1999
- Self-Presentational Goals, Self-Monitoring, and Nonverbal BehaviorBasic and Applied Social Psychology, 1997
- Benefits of Mentoring Relationships among Managerial and Professional Women: A Cautionary TaleJournal of Vocational Behavior, 1997
- Family Structure, Glass Ceiling, and Traditional Explanations for the Differential Rate of Turnover of Female and Male ManagersJournal of Vocational Behavior, 1996
- Viewpoint: The Dilemma of Self-Advocacy for Women: Another Case of Blaming the Victim?Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 1996
- The Impact of Gender as Managerial Careers UnfoldJournal of Vocational Behavior, 1995
- Gender gaps: Who needs to be explained?Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1991
- Social Influence StrategiesPersonality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1985
- Gender stereotypes stem from the distribution of women and men into social roles.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1984