Deer browsing and interference from forest weeds, particularly hayscented fern (Dennstaedtiapunctilobula (Michx.) Moore), New York fern (Thelypterisnoveboracensis L.), and short husk grass (Brachyelytrumerectum Schreb.), influence the establishment of Allegheny hardwood reproduction. We determined the independent interference by deer and weeds after a seed cut and a removal cut in a two-cut shelterwood sequence. Weeds, particularly the ferns, caused significant interference with germination, survival, and growth of desirable species following both cuttings. Deer browsing had no direct effect on desirable species because they did not grow enough to emerge from the herbaceous cover. Deer browsing did affect growth ofRubus, yellow and black birch (Betulaalleghaniensis Britt, and Betulalento L.), and pin cherry (Prunuspensylvanica L.) that grew above the herbaceous cover. Browsing of Rubus may be a serious problem in some stands because substantial reduction in fern and grass coverage occurred as the Rubus developed.