Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals functional heterogeneity of glioma-associated brain macrophages

Abstract

Microglia are resident myeloid cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that control homeostasis and protect CNS from damage and infections. Microglia and peripheral myeloid cells accumulate and adapt tumor supporting roles in human glioblastomas that show prevalence in men. Cell heterogeneity and functional phenotypes of myeloid subpopulations in gliomas remain elusive. Here we show single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of CD11b(+) myeloid cells in naive and GL261 glioma-bearing mice that reveal distinct profiles of microglia, infiltrating monocytes/macrophages and CNS border-associated macrophages. We demonstrate an unforeseen molecular heterogeneity among myeloid cells in naive and glioma-bearing brains, validate selected marker proteins and show distinct spatial distribution of identified subsets in experimental gliomas. We find higher expression of MHCII encoding genes in glioma-activated male microglia, which was corroborated in bulk and scRNA-seq data from human diffuse gliomas. Our data suggest that sex-specific gene expression in glioma-activated microglia may be relevant to the incidence and outcomes of glioma patients. Microglia and peripheral myeloid cells are critically involved in the immunopathology of glioblastoma. Here the authors present single-cell sequencing data that assesses the phenotypic composition of CD11b+myeloid cells from a murine model of glioblastoma and suggest enhanced MHCII transcription which they additionally report from human cases of glioblastoma.