Malaria infection in pregnant women in Zaire: the effects and the potential for intervention

Abstract

In five maternity centres in urban and rural Zaire we evaluated the maternal prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia and recorded fever, the frequency of abortions and stillbirths, newborn birth weights and the feasibility of delivering antimalarial chemoprophylaxis. Women in their first and second pregnancy, compared to others (≥third pregnancies), had a higher frequency of parasitaemia (38 v. 15%, respectively, P3 v. 277 per mm³, respectively, P=0·01), higher rates of stillbirths and low birth weight babies (24% v. 6.4%, P<0·001). On average, pregnant women first attended prenatal clinics in the sixth to seventh month of gestation and made three to four visits before delivery. In these areas of Zaire, antimalarial interventions during pregnancy would have the largest impact if they were targeted to women in their first and second pregnancy. In the study areas, maternal attitudes and prenatal care-seeking behaviours do not appear to be barriers to providing an antimalarial intervention.