Metabolic Syndrome and the Risk of Stroke in Middle-Aged Men
Open Access
- 1 March 2006
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) in Stroke
- Vol. 37 (3), 806-811
- https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.0000204354.06965.44
Abstract
Background and Purpose— The metabolic syndrome, a clustering of disturbed glucose and insulin metabolism, obesity and abdominal fat distribution, dyslipidemia, and hypertension is associated with cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of metabolic syndrome, as defined by National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, with the risk for stroke. Methods— Population-based cohort study with an average follow-up of 14.3 years from eastern Finland. A total of 1131 men with no history of cardiovascular disease and diabetes at baseline participated. Sixty-five strokes occurred, of which 47 were ischemic strokes. Results— Men with the metabolic syndrome as defined by the NCEP criteria had a 2.05-fold (95% CI, 1.03 to 4.11; P =0.042) risk for all strokes and 2.41-fold (95% CI, 1.12 to 5.32; P =0.025) risk for ischemic stroke, after adjusting for socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol, and family history of coronary heart disease. Additional adjustment for ischemic changes during exercise test, serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, plasma fibrinogen, energy intake for saturated fats, energy expenditure of leisure time physical activity, and white blood cell count, the results remained significant. The risk ratios among men with metabolic syndrome as defined by the WHO criteria were 1.82 (95% CI, 1.01 to 3.26; P =0.046) for all strokes and 2.16 (95% CI, 1.11 to 4.19; P =0.022) for ischemic stroke. After further adjustment, the respective risks were 2.08 (95% CI, 1.12 to 3.87; P =0.020) and 2.47 (95% CI, 1.21 to 5.07; P =0.013). Conclusion— The risk of any stroke is increased in men with metabolic syndrome, in the absence of stroke, diabetes and cardiovascular disease at baseline. Prevention of the metabolic syndrome presents a great challenge for clinicians with respect to stroke.This publication has 26 references indexed in Scilit:
- Relation Between the Metabolic Syndrome and Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic AttackStroke, 2005
- Components of the Metabolic Syndrome and Risk for First-Ever Acute Ischemic Nonembolic Stroke in Elderly SubjectsStroke, 2005
- The Metabolic Syndrome is associated with advanced vascular damage in patients with coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral arterial disease or abdominal aortic aneurysmEuropean Heart Journal, 2004
- Association of the Metabolic Syndrome With History of Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination SurveyCirculation, 2004
- Association of Exercise-Induced, Silent ST-Segment Depression With the Risk of Stroke and Cardiovascular Diseases in MenStroke, 2003
- Plasma Vitamin C Modifies the Association Between Hypertension and Risk of StrokeStroke, 2002
- Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)Jama-Journal Of The American Medical Association, 2001
- Secular trends in body mass index by birth cohort in eastern Finland from 1972 to 1997International Journal of Obesity, 2001
- Comment on the provisional report from the WHO consultationDiabetic Medicine, 1999
- Abnormal systolic blood pressure response during exercise recovery in patients with angina pectorisJournal of the American College of Cardiology, 1993