Cigarette Smoking, Serum Estrogens, and Bone Loss during Hormone-Replacement Therapy Early after Menopause

Abstract

To elucidate the effect of smoking on estrogen metabolism, we examined 136 postmenopausal women treated for one year with one of three different doses of combined estrogen—progestogen or placebo. The women were grouped according to smoking status, and serum levels of estrone and estradiol were measured before and after treatment.