As differences of personality are of a qualitative rather than a quantitative sort and difficult to measure, the author's aim is personality study and description rather than personality testing. Problems arising from the interaction of personalities are social problems, and personality measurements aim at readjustments, beneficial both to society and the individual. An effort has been made to consider only "those fundamental and pervasive tendencies which constitute the main currents of human personality" rather than superficial traits, such as tactfulness, which can be referred to more fundamental traits. A tentative outline of such tendencies falls into four main divisions; first, intelligence, which determines the quality and success of an individual's general adjustments; second, temperament, as judged by emotional breadth and emotional strength; third, self-expression or strength, terms which are used to include such traits as extro-version or intro-version, ascendance or submission, expansion or seclusion, compensation, insight and self-evaluation; fourth, sociality, comprising social participation, self-seeking, and susceptibility to social stimuli. Possibly the above traits "form the needed basis of sociability, habit formation and character." When traits are rated or, if possible, tested, they can be plotted in graphical form, giving a refined impression of the individual which facilitates intelligent treatment. From Psych Bulletin 18:10:00614. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)