Rare Though Not Mutually Exclusive: A Report of Three Cases of Concomitant KRAS and BRAF Mutation and a Review of the Literature
Open Access
- 1 January 2013
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Ivyspring International Publisher in Journal of Cancer
- Vol. 4 (4), 320-322
- https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.3619
Abstract
KRAS mutations occur frequently in colorectal cancers (CRC) and predict lack of response to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody therapy. CRC BRAF mutations, most commonly at V600E, occur less than 10% of the time, and occur usually in KRAS wild-type tumors, and more frequently in microsatellite instable tumors. Concomitant KRAS and BRAF mutant CRCs are rare (occurring in 0.001%); BRAF mutations should not be routinely tested in patients with KRAS mutant tumors, unless the patients is participating in a clinical trial enriching for the presence of a KRAS or BRAF tumor. Clinical trials treating patients with either KRAS or BRAF mutant tumors should address eligibility of patients with concomitant KRAS and BRAF mutations.Keywords
This publication has 12 references indexed in Scilit:
- Metastatic colorectal cancer KRAS genotyping in routine practice: results and pitfallsLaboratory Investigation, 2011
- Impact of KRAS and BRAF Gene Mutation Status on Outcomes From the Phase III AGITG MAX Trial of Capecitabine Alone or in Combination With Bevacizumab and Mitomycin in Advanced Colorectal CancerJournal of Clinical Oncology, 2011
- Cetuximab Plus Irinotecan, Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin As First-Line Treatment for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Updated Analysis of Overall Survival According to Tumor KRAS and BRAF Mutation StatusJournal of Clinical Oncology, 2011
- Systematic review of pharmacogenetic testing for predicting clinical benefit to anti-EGFR therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer2011
- KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations in human colorectal cancer: Relationship with metastatic colorectal cancerOncology Reports, 2011
- Optimized Allele-Specific Real-Time PCR Assays for the Detection of Common Mutations in KRAS and BRAFThe Journal of Molecular Diagnostics, 2011
- Efficacy according to biomarker status of cetuximab plus FOLFOX-4 as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: the OPUS studyAnnals Of Oncology, 2011
- Association of KRAS p.G13D Mutation With Outcome in Patients With Chemotherapy-Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated With CetuximabJAMA, 2010
- Concomitant mutations and splice variants in KRAS and BRAF demonstrate complex perturbation of the Ras/Raf signalling pathway in advanced colorectal cancerGut, 2009
- KRAS and BRAF oncogenic mutations in MSS colorectal carcinoma progressionOncogene, 2006