Effects of topical applications of meclofenamic acid and ibuprofen on bone loss, subgingival microbiota and gingival PMN response in the primate Macaca fascicularis

Abstract

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been shown to alter periodontitis in both animals and humans. This study was initiated in the nonhuman primate (Nhp) model to determine the effect of two NSAIDs on preexisting gingivitis, the conversion of gingivitis to periodontitis, the associated subgingival microbiota, and the gingival PMN response. Eighteen cynomolgus monkeys were divided into three groups and treated on a blind basis with ibuprofen 8%, meclofenamic acid 5%, or placebo applied topically 5 days/week for 20 wk. After 4 wk of treatment, periodontitis was initiated in one quadrant by the placement of silk ligatures. Clinical parameters, bone loss by densitometric analysis of radiographs (CADIA), and cultural microbiology of subgingival plaque were monitored. In situ PMN chemotaxis was assessed by quantitating the PMNs which entered the sulcus in response to a challenge with n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). No significant differences in the clinical parameters were noted by treatment groups. Radiographic bone loss was detected in all experimental sites in placebo animals as compared with 67% and 44% for ibuprofen and meclofenamic acid animals, respectively. Mean CADIA scores/animal showed a significant loss in bone density for placebo at 6 and 16 wk, no change for ibuprofen animals, and a significant increase in density for meclofenamic acid animals. The microbiota of all groups changed with ligation consistent with previous reports of disease initiation in the Nhp.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)