The Serratial 56K Protease as a Major Pathogenic Factor in Serratial Keratitis

Abstract

A possible cause and the difference in clinical severity of serratial keratitis were investigated. Two strains of Serratia marcescens were isolated: one from a patient with severe liquefactive keratitis, who had diabetes mellitus, and one from a patient with mild superficial keratitis, but who had no underlying disease. When the same numbers of bacteria were injected separately into corneas of the same rabbits or guinea pigs, the strain from the first patient elicited severe corneal destruction, remarkable intracorneal edema, and liquefactive necrosis, but the strain from the second caused mild keratitis with erosion or intracorneal abscess. The keratitis induced by the former strain required a longer time to heal, and the prognosis was poorer than that for the other keratitis. Therefore, the difference in severity between the two cases of experimentally induced keratitis paralleled that of the clinical cases. Thus, the severity of the serratial keratitis might be attributed more to the virulence of the bacteria than the condition of the host. The virulence factor seemed to be a heat-labile metabolic product (or products) of the bacteria. To clarify this virulence factor, the major secretory protease (56K protease) produced by these two strains of bacteria was compared by using in vitro and in vivo systems. The virulent strain produced about ten times more protease during culture than the less virulent strain. When injected into the corneas of experimental animals, the 56K protease from the virulent strain induced severe lesions similar to those caused by the living virulent strain of bacteria. These results indicated that one of the major factors causing the virulence was correlated with the tissue destructive 56K protease produced by S. marcescens.