Predicting genetic predisposition in humans: the promise of whole-genome markers

Abstract

Prediction of genetic values using whole-genome markers has been successfully applied in commercial breeding. This article outlines the use of this method for predicting health-related outcomes in humans. Although genome-wide association studies have identified markers that are associated with various human traits and diseases, our ability to predict such phenotypes remains limited. A perhaps overlooked explanation lies in the limitations of the genetic models and statistical techniques commonly used in association studies. We propose that alternative approaches, which are largely borrowed from animal breeding, provide potential for advances. We review selected methods and discuss the challenges and opportunities ahead.