Imatinib Plasma Levels Are Correlated With Clinical Benefit in Patients With Unresectable/Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

Abstract

Purpose: To study the pharmacokinetics (PK) of imatinib (IM) in patients with advanced GI stromal tumors (GISTs) treated in a randomized phase II study and to explore the potential relationship between IM plasma levels and long-term clinical outcomes. Patients and Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to receive IM at 400 mg versus 600 mg daily. IM plasma levels were analyzed in a subset of patients (n = 73) for whom PK data on day 1 and at steady-state (SS, day 29) were available. IM PK was evaluated using a population PK approach. The relationship between IM plasma exposure and clinical outcome was explored by grouping patients into quartiles according to IM trough concentration (C_min). The clinical outcome parameters evaluated include overall objective benefit rate (OOBR; complete response plus partial response plus stable disease) time to progression (TTP), and KIT genotyping. Results: IM PK exposure showed a high inter-patient variability, and clinical outcomes were correlated with IM trough levels at SS. The median TTP was 11.3 months for patients in the lowest C_min quartile (Q1, < 1,110 ng/mL) compared with more than 30 months for Q2 to Q4 (P = .0029). OOBR was also inferior in Q1 patients. In patients with GIST with KIT exon 11 mutations (n = 39), the OOBR was 67% for Q1 patients versus 100% for all others (P = .001). Conclusion: In patients with advanced GIST, IM trough levels at SS were associated with clinical benefit. Patients with IM C_min below 1,100 ng/mL showed a shorter TTP and lower rate of clinical benefit (OOBR). Further studies are justified to test whether monitoring IM plasma levels might optimize clinical outcomes for patients with GIST.