Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography–Based Assessments of Androgen Receptor Expression and Glycolytic Activity as a Prognostic Biomarker for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Abstract
An estimated 26 730 men in the United States will die from prostate cancer in 2017.1 The lethal form of the disease generally occurs when prostate cancer reaches a state of castration resistance and widely metastasizes. The androgen receptor (AR) axis remains functional in this advanced state by several mechanisms, including mutation, overexpression, and ligand-independent activation.2 Effective new drugs that target the AR-signaling axis are in development. Two such agents, abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide, have been approved for treating advanced prostate cancer based on demonstration of improved survival.3-6