Insight into the Mechanism of Carbonyl Hydrosilylation Catalyzed by Brookhart’s Cationic Iridium(III) Pincer Complex

Abstract

New experimental findings suggest partial revision of the currently accepted mechanism of the carbonyl hydrosilylation catalyzed by the iridium(III) pincer complex introduced by Brookhart. Employing silicon-stereogenic silanes as a stereochemical probe results in racemization rather than inversion of the configuration at the silicon atom. The degree of the racemization is, however, affected by the silane/carbonyl compound ratio, and inversion is seen with excess silane. Independently preparing the silylcarboxonium ion intermediate and testing its reactivity then helped to rationalize that effect. The stereochemical analysis together with these control experiments, rigorous multinuclear NMR analysis, and quantum-chemical calculations clearly prove that another silane molecule participates in the hydride transfer. The activating role of the silane is unexpected but, in fact, vital for the catalytic cycle to close.