Investigations on the root nodule bacteria of leguminous plants: XX. Excretion of nitrogen in associated cultures of legumes and non-legumes

Abstract

The associated growth of peas and different non-legumes (barley, oats, wheat, and potato) was investigated both under sterile conditions and in ordinary pot cultures. In the former case the medium consisted of quartz sand, and in the latter of clay or sandy loam soil, poor in soluble nitrogen. It is shown that nitrogen was transferred from the pea nodules to the non-legumes. In sterile cultures, where the excreted amino-acids cannot undergo decomposition, oats, wheat and barley utilized only a part of the excreted nitrogen, generally less than 50 per cent. In some instances, however, the barley took up considerably over 50 per cent of the excreted nitrogen. There was an apparent accumulation of aspartic acid in the medium of the associated cultures. In pot cultures, where the amino-acids may have been broken down by contaminating micro-organisms, the transfer of the excreted nitrogen to the potato exceeded 90 per cent. All experiments show that with increasing ratio of non-legumes to legumes the growth of the peas suffers, obviously from lack of nitrogen. Under these conditions, the excretion from the nodules increases to such an extent that the peas receive only a small fraction of the nitrogen fixed by the nodules. The major part of the carbohydrate material furnished by the pea for the amino-acid synthesis in the nodules is excreted into the medium. This naturally causes disturbances in the growth of the pea.