Role of Diet in Prostate Cancer Development and Progression
- 10 November 2005
- journal article
- review article
- Published by American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) in Journal of Clinical Oncology
- Vol. 23 (32), 8152-8160
- https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.03.1492
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the important role of nutrition in cancer prevention, including prevention of prostate cancer. In this review, we summarize data for some of the most consistently observed dietary associations for prostate cancer incidence, briefly consider possible postdiagnostic effects of nutrition on prostate cancer progression/survival, discuss new but limited data on diet-gene interactions, and comment on current areas of controversy for future research focus. Potential protective dietary elements include tomatoes/lycopene, other carotenoids, cruciferous vegetables, vitamin E, selenium, fish/marine omega-3 fatty acids, soy, isoflavones and polyphenols; whereas milk, dairy, calcium, zinc at high doses, saturated fat, grilled meats, and heterocyclic amines may increase risk. It is important to note that randomized clinical trial data exist only for vitamin E, calcium, beta-carotene, and selenium (all of which suggest inverse or no association). Several genes, such as MnSOD, XRCC1, and GST, may modify the association of specific nutrients and foods with prostate cancer risk; and further research is warranted to confirm these initial observed relationships. Until further clinical trial data are available on specific supplements and prostate cancer prevention, it would be prudent to emphasize a diet consisting of a wide variety of plant-based foods and fish; this is similar to what is recommended (and what is more well established) for the primary prevention of heart disease.Keywords
This publication has 130 references indexed in Scilit:
- The epidemiology of vitamin D and cancer incidence and mortality: A review (United States)Cancer Causes & Control, 2005
- Antioxidants Block Prostate Cancer in Lady Transgenic MiceCancer Research, 2004
- Insulin-like growth factors and neoplasiaNature Reviews Cancer, 2004
- Inorganic Selenium Retards Progression of Experimental Hormone Refractory Prostate CancerJournal of Urology, 2004
- Serum Lycopene, Other Serum Carotenoids, and Risk of Prostate Cancer in US Blacks and WhitesAmerican Journal of Epidemiology, 2002
- Tea and other beverage consumption and prostate cancer riskEuropean Journal of Cancer Prevention, 2000
- Phytoestrogen intake and prostate cancer: A case‐control study using a new databaseNutrition and Cancer, 1999
- Prediagnostic level of fatty acids in serum phospholipids: Ω-3 and Ω-6 fatty acids and the risk of prostate cancerInternational Journal of Cancer, 1997
- Diet and prostate cancer: a case-control studyEuropean Journal of Cancer, 1997
- Inhibitory effects of selenium on the growth of du-145 human prostate carcinoma cells in vitroBiochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1985