TiO2 Nanotubes: Synthesis and Applications

Abstract

TiO₂ is one of the most studied compounds in materials science. Owing to some outstanding properties it is used for instance in photocatalysis, dye‐sensitized solar cells, and biomedical devices. In 1999, first reports showed the feasibility to grow highly ordered arrays of TiO₂ nanotubes by a simple but optimized electrochemical anodization of a titanium metal sheet. This finding stimulated intense research activities that focused on growth, modification, properties, and applications of these one‐dimensional nanostructures. This review attempts to cover all these aspects, including underlying principles and key functional features of TiO₂, in a comprehensive way and also indicates potential future directions of the field.