Clotting factor concentrates given to prevent bleeding and bleeding-related complications in people with hemophilia A or B
- 7 September 2011
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Wiley in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
- No. 9,p. CD003429
- https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd003429.pub4
Abstract
The hallmark of severe hemophilia is recurrent bleeding into joints and soft tissues with progressive joint damage, notwithstanding onâdemand treatment. Prophylaxis has long been used but not universally adopted because of medical, psychosocial, and cost controversies. To determine the effectiveness of clotting factor concentrate prophylaxis in the management of people with hemophilia A or B. We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group's Coagulopathies Trials Register. In addition, we searched major electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL), handsearched relevant journals and abstract books and reference lists of relevant articles. Last search of Group's Coagulopathies Trials Register: 07 April 2011. Randomised controlled trials and quasiârandomised controlled trials evaluating people with severe hemophilia A or hemophilia B receiving prophylactic clotting factor concentrates. Two authors independently reviewed studies for eligibility, assessed risk of bias and extracted data. Six studies (including 142 participants) were eligible for inclusion. Two compared threeâtimesâaâweek prophylactic administration with onâdemand treatment in children with hemophilia. Pooled results from these two studies showed a rate ratio of 0.30 (95% confidence interval; 0.12 to 0.76) for all bleedings and 0.22 (95% confidence interval 0.08 to 0.63) for joint bleedings favouring prophylaxis. Results on the number of patients with preserved joints after three to seven years of followâup were not pooled due to significant heterogeneity. Three of the remaining four studies evaluated hemophilia A; one showed a statistically significant decrease in frequency of joint bleeds with prophylaxis compared to placebo, with a rate difference of â10.73 (95% confidence interval â16.55 to â4.91) bleeds per year. Two studies compared two prophylaxis regimens, failing to demonstrate an advantage of one regimen over the other in terms of bleeding frequency. The fourth study evaluated hemophilia B and showed fewer joint bleeds with weekly (15 IU/kg) versus biâweekly (7.5 IU/kg) prophylaxis, rate difference â3.30 (95% confidence interval â5.50 to â1.10) bleeds per year. Nonâsignificant increases in both inhibitor and infectious complications were observed in patients on prophylaxis, which occurred more often when using longâterm venous access. There is strong evidence from randomised controlled trials and observational trials that prophylaxis preserves joint function in children with hemophilia as compared to onâdemand treatment. There is insufficient evidence from randomised controlled trials to confirm the observational evidence that prophylaxis decreases bleeding and related complications in patients with existing joint damage. Wellâdesigned randomised controlled trials and prospective observational controlled studies are needed to establish the best prophylactic regimen and to assess the effectiveness of prophylactic clotting factor concentrates in adult patients. ConcentrĂ©s de facteur de coagulation pour la prĂ©vention des saignements et des complications connexes chez les personnes atteintes d'hĂ©mophilie A ou B La caractĂ©ristique de l'hĂ©mophilie sĂ©vĂšre est la rĂ©currence des saignements dans les articulations et les tissus mous avec des lĂ©sions articulaires progressives, malgrĂ© le traitement Ă la demande. La prophylaxie est utilisĂ©e depuis longtemps, mais pas universellement adoptĂ©e en raison de controverses mĂ©dicales, psychosociales et Ă©conomiques. DĂ©terminer l'efficacitĂ© de la prophylaxie par concentrĂ© de facteur de coagulation dans la prise en charge des personnes atteintes d'hĂ©mophilie A ou B. Nous avons effectuĂ© des recherches dans le registre des essais sur les coagulopathies du groupe Cochrane sur la mucoviscidose et les autres maladies gĂ©nĂ©tiques. Nous avons en outre cherchĂ© dans les principales bases de donnĂ©es Ă©lectroniques (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL) et passĂ© au crible manuellement les revues et les recueils de rĂ©sumĂ©s pertinents, ainsi que les rĂ©fĂ©rences bibliographiques des articles pertinents. Date de la derniĂšre recherche effectuĂ©e dans le registre d'essais cliniques sur les coagulopathies : 07 avril 2011. Des essais contrĂŽlĂ©s randomisĂ©s et quasiârandomisĂ©s ayant Ă©valuĂ© des personnes atteintes d'hĂ©mophilie A ou d'hĂ©mophilie B sĂ©vĂšre qui reçoivent des concentrĂ©s de facteur de coagulation Ă titre prophylactique. Deux auteurs ont indĂ©pendamment Ă©valuĂ© l'Ă©ligibilitĂ© et le risque de biais des Ă©tudes, et ont extrait les donnĂ©es. Six Ă©tudes (totalisant 142 participants) Ă©taient Ă©ligibles pour l'inclusion. Deux avaient comparĂ© l'administration prophylactique trois fois par semaine au traitement Ă la demande chez des enfants atteints d'hĂ©mophilie. Les rĂ©sultats regroupĂ©s de ces deux Ă©tudes prĂ©sentaient un rapport de taux de 0,30 (intervalle de confiance Ă 95% 0,12 Ă 0,76) pour l'ensemble des saignements et de 0,22 (intervalle de confiance Ă 95 % 0,08 Ă 0,63) pour les saignements articulaires, en faveur de la prophylaxie. Nous n'avons pas regroupĂ© les rĂ©sultats sur le nombre de patients dont les articulations avaient Ă©tĂ© prĂ©servĂ©es au bout de trois Ă sept ans de suivi, en raison d'une hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© significative. Trois des quatre autres Ă©tudes avaient Ă©valuĂ© l'hĂ©mophilie A ; une avait montrĂ© une diminution statistiquement significative de la frĂ©quence des saignements articulaires avec la prophylaxie par rapport au placebo, avec une diffĂ©rence moyenne de...Keywords
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