Utility of dapsone for prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-intolerant, HIV-infected individuals

Abstract

To determine the safety and efficacy of 100 mg dapsone three times weekly for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis in HIV-infected, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)-intolerant patients. Retrospective chart review of patients followed-up to 22 May 1992. Infectious diseases outpatient clinic of a tertiary care center in suburban New York City. Twenty-three HIV-infected patients requiring PCP prophylaxis with documented intolerance to TMP-SMX. Patients were followed clinically and with laboratory testing at approximately monthly intervals. Dapsone was discontinued in nine (39%) patients because of adverse reactions. All reactions occurred within the first 2 months of treatment. Two (14%) of the remaining 14 patients developed histologically proven PCP over 126 patient-months of follow-up. Approximately 40% of TMP-SMX-intolerant HIV-infected individuals are also intolerant of dapsone. Prophylaxis failures may be expected on a dose regimen of 100 mg dapsone three times weekly. More experience with other dose regimens and alternative agents is needed.