Nuclear Factor Kb: An Oxidative Stress-Responsive Transcription Factor of Eukaryotic Cells (A Review)
- 1 January 1992
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Informa UK Limited in Free Radical Research Communications
- Vol. 17 (4), 221-237
- https://doi.org/10.3109/10715769209079515
Abstract
NF-kB is a multiprotein complex that can activate a great variety of genes involved in early defence reactions of higher organisms. In nonstimulated cells, NF-kB resides in the cytoplasm in an inactive complex with the inhibitor IkB. Pathogenic stimuli cause release of IkB and allow NF-kB to enter the nucleus, bind to DNA control elements and, thereby, induce the synthesis of mRNA. A puzzling feature of NF-kB is that its activation is triggered by a great variety of agents. These include the cytokines interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor, viruses, double-stranded RNA, endotoxins, phorbol esters, UV light and ionizing radiation. We recently found that also low concentrations of H2O2 activate NF-kB and that various antioxidants prevent the induction by H2O2. Subsequent analysis revealed that antioxidants not only suppress the activation of NF-kB by H2O2 but by all other inducers tested so far. In this review, we will discuss the evidences that NF-kB is an oxidative stress-responsive transcription factor of higher eukaryotic cells.Keywords
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