The evolving role of neuro-immune interaction in brain repair after cerebral ischemic stroke
- 1 December 2018
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Wiley in CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics
- Vol. 24 (12), 1100-1114
- https://doi.org/10.1111/cns.13077
Abstract
Stroke is the world's leading cause of disability with limited brain repair treatments which effectively improve long-term neurological deficits. The neuroinflammatory responses persist into the late repair phase of stroke and participate in all brain repair elements, including neurogenesis, angiogenesis, synaptogenesis, remyelination and axonal sprouting, shedding new light on post-stroke brain recovery. Resident brain glial cells, such as astrocytes not only contribute to neuroinflammation after stroke, but also secrete a wide range of trophic factors that can promote post-stroke brain repair. Alternatively, activated microglia, monocytes, and neutrophils in the innate immune system, traditionally considered as major damaging factors after stroke, have been suggested to be extensively involved in brain repair after stroke. The adaptive immune system may also have its bright side during the late regenerative phase, affecting the immune suppressive regulatory T cells and B cells. This review summarizes the recent findings in the evolving role of neuroinflammation in multiple post-stroke brain repair mechanisms and poses unanswered questions that may generate new directions for future research and give rise to novel therapeutic targets to improve stroke recovery.Keywords
Funding Information
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81400956, 81722017,81370513, 81571048)
- Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (16QA1402600, 13ZR1452200)
- Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau (2015ZB0101)
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