The Envelope Protein of a Human Endogenous Retrovirus-W Family Activates Innate Immunity through CD14/TLR4 and Promotes Th1-Like Responses
Open Access
- 15 June 2006
- journal article
- Published by The American Association of Immunologists in The Journal of Immunology
- Vol. 176 (12), 7636-7644
- https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.176.12.7636
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis-associated retroviral element (MSRV) is a retroviral element, the sequence of which served to define the W family of human endogenous retroviruses. MSRV viral particles display proinflammatory activities both in vitro in human mononuclear cell cultures and in vivo in a humanized SCID mice model. To understand the molecular basis of such properties, we have investigated the inflammatory potential of the surface unit of the MSRV envelope protein (ENV-SU), the fraction that is poised to naturally interact with host cells. We report in this study that MSRV ENV-SU induces, in a specific manner, human monocytes to produce major proinflammatory cytokines through engagement of CD14 and TLR4, which are pattern recognition receptors of primary importance in innate immunity. ENV-SU could also trigger a maturation process in human dendritic cells. Finally, ENV-SU endowed dendritic cells with the capacity to support a Th1-like type of Th cell differentiation. The data are discussed in the context of immune responses and chronic proinflammatory disorders.Keywords
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