Factor Analysis of Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Predicting the Response of Osteosarcoma to Chemotherapy

Abstract

The response of osteosarcoma to preoperative chemotherapy was assessed using dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) processed by factor analysis of medical image sequences (FAMIS).Forty-nine dynamic image sequences, acquired after a bolus injection of gadolinium in 10 patients, were processed by FAMIS: FAMIS is a means whereby physiologic contrast enhancement kinetics, called factors, and their spatial distribution, termed factor images, are estimated. Tumor volumes were measured on static MRIs, and factor images were compared with histologic maps of the resected specimens.A substantial increase in tumor volume reflected a poor response to chemotherapy. Viable tumor was precisely depicted by the early vascular factor image, reflecting rapid uptake by tumor vessels. This early uptake disappeared in all five patients who responded to chemotherapy, whereas it persisted in four of five nonresponders.FAMIS of dynamic MRI is proposed as a possible means of predicting the response of osteosarcoma to chemotherapy.