Efficient Analysis of Mixed Hierarchical and Cross-Classified Random Structures Using a Multilevel Model

Abstract

An efficient and straightforward procedure is described for specifying and estimating parameters of general mixed models which contain both hierarchical and crossed random factors. This is done using a model formulated for purely hierarchically structured data and generalizes the results of Raudenbush (1993). The exposition is for the continuous response linear model with natural extensions to generalized linear, nonlinear, and multivariate models.