Imaging and Radiography with Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence and Effective-Z (EZ-3D™) Determination; SNM Detection Using Prompt Neutrons from Photon Induced Fission

Abstract

Four new technologies have been developed for use in non‐intrusive inspection systems to detect nuclear materials, explosives and contraband. Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence (NRF) provides a three dimensional image of the isotopic content of a container. NRF determines the isotopic composition of a region and specifies the isotopic structure of the neighboring regions, thus providing the detailed isotopic composition of any threat. In transmission mode, NRF provides a two dimensional projection of the isotopic content of a container, much as standard X‐ray radiography provides for density. The effective‐Z method (EZ‐3D™) uses electromagnetic scattering processes to yield a three‐dimensional map of the effective‐Z and the density in a container. The EZ‐3D™ method allows for a rapid discrimination based on effective Z and mass of materials such as those with high Z, as well as specifying regions of interest for other contraband. The energy spectrum of prompt neutrons from photon induced fission (PNPF) provides a unique identification of the presence of actinides and SNM. These four new technologies can be used independently or together to automatically determine the presence of hazardous materials or contraband. They can also be combined with other technologies to provide added specificity.