Glutaminyl Cyclases Display Significant Catalytic Proficiency for Glutamyl Substrates
- 24 November 2009
- journal article
- Published by American Chemical Society (ACS) in Biochemistry
- Vol. 48 (50), 11831-11833
- https://doi.org/10.1021/bi9018835
Abstract
N-Terminal glutaminyl and glutamyl residues of peptides and proteins tend to form pyroglutamic acid (pGlu) by intramolecular cylization. The rate constants for spontaneous cyclization of glutamine (10(-6) s(-1)) and glutamic acid (10(-9) s(-1)) in aqueous solution differ by approximately 3 orders of magnitude at pH 6.5. Glutaminyl cyclases (QCs) from plants and mammals accelerate pGlu formation. Human QC exhibits a rate enhancement of 2.2 x 10(5) for glutamate cyclization, approximately 2 orders of magnitude lower than that of the corresponding N-terminal glutaminyl reaction. Thus, glutaminyl cyclases are enzymes with only modest specificity for cyclization of their primary glutaminyl substrates and may provide a link between glutamate cyclization and pathophysiology.Keywords
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