Vascular lesions due to transcranial stab wounds

Abstract

The cases of 109 patients with a transcranial or transorbital stab wound are presented. Angiography in 74 patients revealed 26 vascular lesions: 11 aneurysms, five carotid-cavernous fistulas, three other arteriovenous fistulas, three occlusions, two transections, and two instances of severe vascular spasm. The following important points and pitfalls are stressed: the 30% incidence of vascular lesions, the delayed onset of these lesions and neurological signs from 1 week to several months after trauma, and the incidence of delayed intracranial hemorrhage in four of 11 cases with traumatic aneurysms. The basal location of the lesions is described, and the authors warn against the misleading clinical picture of a trivial scalp wound in the absence of a "slot" fracture, with life-threatening neural and vascular damage on the opposite side. Aggressive investigation and treatment of these lesions are advocated because of the associated high morbidity and mortality rates, especially in patients with aneurysms.