Thyroid Abnormalities among Children in the Contaminated Area Related to the Chernobyl Accident

Abstract

Gradual increases of various radiation-related diseases including thyroid cancer following the Chernobyl accident have been recently reported. We have carried out systematic thyroid surveys in school children aged 10–15 years in the highly contaminated area and compared the results with a similar survey in a nonaffected neighboring area as a control. Systematic examinations of the thyroid gland were performed in 888 schoolchildren (408 males and 480 females) in the districts of Chechelsk city with 5 to over 40 Ci/km² of radiation level for ¹³⁷Cs. In the control area (Bobruisk city), 521 children with the same age range (229 males and 292 females) were examined. Thyroid surveys were carried out as follows: palpation, ultrasonography, blood examinations of thyroid function, and measurements of daily urinary excretion of iodine. Certain thyroid abnormalities were observed in the high radioactive fallout area more frequently than in the control region. In particular, the prevalence of multiple micronodular lesions in diffuse goiter in the contaminated area was significantly higher than in the control area. However, endemic goiter due to iodine deficiency was present in both districts. The environment factor of iodine deficiency might have resulted in the early occurrence of ultrasonographic thyroid abnormalities attributed to radioactive contamination.