High Risk Blueberry Viruses by Region in North America; Implications for Certification, Nurseries, and Fruit Production
Open Access
- 26 June 2018
- Vol. 10 (7), 342
- https://doi.org/10.3390/v10070342
Abstract
There is limited information on the distribution of blueberry viruses in the U.S. or around the world other than where the viruses were first discovered and characterized. A survey for blueberry viruses was carried out in the U.S. in 2015–2017. Most blueberry viruses have been characterized to the point that sensitive diagnostic assays have been developed. These assays are based on ELISA or variations of PCR, which were employed here to determine the presence of blueberry viruses in major blueberry production and nursery areas of the U.S. The viruses included in this study were: blueberry fruit drop (BFDaV), blueberry latent (BlLV), blueberry leaf mottle (BLMoV), blueberry mosaic (BlMaV), blueberry red ringspot (BRRV), blueberry scorch (BlScV), blueberry shock (BlShV), blueberry shoestring (BlSSV), blueberry virus A (BVA), peach rosette mosaic (PRMV), tobacco ringspot (TRSV), and tomato ringspot (ToRSV). In the Pacific Northwest BlShV was the most widespread virus, with BlScV and ToRSV detected in a limited number of fields in Oregon and Washington, but BlScV was widespread in British Columbia. In the upper midwest, the nematode-borne (ToRSV, TRSV), aphid-transmitted (BlSSV and BVA) and pollen-borne (BLMoV) viruses were most widespread. In the northeast, TRSV, ToRSV, and BlScV, were detected most frequently. In the southeast, BRRV and BNRBV were the most widespread viruses. BlLV, a cryptic virus with no known symptoms or effect on plant growth or yield was present in all regions. There are other viruses present at low levels in each of the areas, but with the lower incidence they pose minimal threat to nursery systems or fruit production. These results indicate that there are hotspots for individual virus groups that normally coincide with the presence of the vectors. The information presented highlights the high risk viruses for nursery and fruit production each pose a different challenge for control.Keywords
Funding Information
- Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (15-8130-0564/0568 and 16-8130-0564/568)
This publication has 20 references indexed in Scilit:
- First Report of the Ability of Olpidium virulentus to Vector Blueberry Mosaic Associated Virus (BlMaV) on Southern Highbush Blueberry in CaliforniaPlant Disease, 2017
- Blueberry fruit drop-associated virus: A New Member of the Family Caulimoviridae Isolated From Blueberry Exhibiting Fruit-Drop SymptomsPlant Disease, 2016
- Quarantine Regulations and the Impact of Modern Detection MethodsAnnual Review of Phytopathology, 2016
- Safeguarding Fruit Crops in the Age of Agricultural GlobalizationPlant Disease, 2015
- Complete nucleotide sequence and latency of a novel blueberry-infecting closterovirusJournal of General Plant Pathology, 2013
- New and Emerging Viruses of Blueberry and CranberryViruses, 2012
- Blueberry latent virus: An amalgam of the Partitiviridae and TotiviridaeVirus Research, 2011
- Identification, detection and transmission of a new vitivirus from MenthaArchiv für die gesamte Virusforschung, 2007
- Improved detection of potato leafroll virus in dormant potato tubers and microtubers by the polymerase chain reaction and ELISAAnnals of Applied Biology, 1993
- A Carlavirus Associated with Blueberry Scorch DiseasePhytopathology®, 1988