Trace Element Speciation in Soils and Sediments Using Sequential Chemical Extraction Methods

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Abstract
Several commonly used sequential chemical extraction procedures of heavy metals in soils and sediments are compared, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed focusing on selected case studies. In particular, problems caused by handling of anoxic samples, and of specific phases (e.g. organic fractions and sulfides) are addressed. Eventually, recommendations for the improvement of extraction selectivity as well as the reduction of readsorption effects are given.