Effects of immersion water temperature on whole‐body fluid distribution in humans
- 26 August 2004
- journal article
- Published by Wiley in Acta Physiologica Scandinavica
- Vol. 182 (1), 3-10
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-201x.2004.01302.x
Abstract
In this study, we quantified acute changes in the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments during upright neutral- and cold-water immersion. We hypothesized that, during short-term cold immersion, fluid shifts would be wholly restricted to the extracellular space. Seven males were immersed 30 days apart: control (33.3 degrees SD 0.6 degrees C); and cold (18.1 degrees SD 0.3 degrees C). Posture was controlled for 4 h prior to a 60-min seated immersion. Significant reductions in terminal oesophageal (36.9 degrees +/- 0.1 degrees -36.3 degrees +/- 0.1 degrees C) and mean skin temperatures (30.3 degrees +/- 0.3 degrees -23.0 degrees +/- 0.3 degrees C) were observed during the cold, but not the control immersion. Both immersions elicited a reduction in intracellular fluid [20.17 +/- 6.02 mL kg(-1) (control) vs. 22.72 +/- 9.90 mL kg(-1)], while total body water (TBW) remained stable. However, significant plasma volume (PV) divergence was apparent between the trials at 60 min [12.5 +/- 1.0% (control) vs. 6.1 +/- 3.1%; P < 0.05], along with a significant haemodilution in the control state (P < 0.05). Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration increased from 18.0 +/- 1.6 to 58.7 +/- 15.1 ng L(-1) (P < 0.05) during cold immersion, consistent with its role in PV regulation. We observed that, regardless of the direction of the PV change, both upright immersions elicited reductions in intracellular fluid. These observations have two implications. First, one cannot assume that PV changes reflect those of the entire extracellular compartment. Second, since immersion also increases interstitial fluid pressure, fluid leaving the interstitium must have been rapidly replaced by intracellular water.Keywords
This publication has 30 references indexed in Scilit:
- Atrial distension, haemodilution, and acute control of renin release during water immersion in humansActa Physiologica Scandinavica, 2002
- Metabolic Habituation Following Repeated Resting Cold-Water Immersion Is Not Apparent During Low-Intensity Cold-Water Exercise.Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY and Applied Human Science, 2001
- Whole-body hyperhydration in endurance-trained males determined using radionuclide dilutionMedicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 1996
- Changes of body fluids and ions in cold‐adapted subjectsSports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation, 1993
- Gravitational stress and volume regulationClinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, 1992
- High-dose atrial natriuretic factor enhances albumin escape from the systemic but not the pulmonary circulation.Circulation Research, 1990
- Early fluid and protein shifts in men during water immersionEuropean Journal of Applied Physiology, 1987
- Increased capillary hydraulic conductivity induced by atrial natriuretic peptide.Circulation Research, 1987
- Simultaneous Determination of the Apparent3HOH,82Br,125I Human Albumin and51Cr Red Cell Volumes in Human SubjectsScandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 1970
- “WATER DIURESIS” PRODUCED DURING RECUMBENCY BY THE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION OF ISOTONIC SALINE SOLUTION 1JCI Insight, 1951