Porphyrin‐Cellulose Nanocrystals: A Photobactericidal Material that Exhibits Broad Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity†
- 28 March 2012
- journal article
- Published by Wiley in Photochemistry and Photobiology
- Vol. 88 (3), 527-536
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01117.x
Abstract
Towards our overall objectives of developing potent antimicrobial materials to combat the escalating threat to human health posed by the transmission of surface-adhering pathogenic bacteria, we have investigated the photobactericidal activity of cellulose nanocrystals that have been modified with a porphyrin-derived photosensitizer (PS). The ability of these previously synthesized porphyrin-cellulose-nanocrystals (CNC-Por (1)) to mediate bacterial photodynamic inactivation was investigated as a function of bacterial strain, incubation time and illumination time. Despite forming an insoluble suspension, CNC-Por (1) showed excellent efficacy toward the photodynamic inactivation of Acinetobacter baumannii, multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), with the best results achieving 5-6 log units reduction in colony forming units (CFUs) upon illumination with visible light (400-700 nm; 118 J cm(-2)). CNC-Por (1) mediated the inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, although at reduced activity (2-3 log units reduction). Confocal laser scanning microscopy of CNC-Por (1) after incubation with A. baumannii or S. aureus suggested a lack of internalization of the PS. Research into alternative materials such as CNC-Por (1) may lead to their application in hospitals and healthcare-related industries wherein novel materials with the capability of reducing the rates of transmission of a wide range of bacteria, particularly antibiotic resistant strains, are desired.This publication has 74 references indexed in Scilit:
- Photodynamic therapy for localized infections—State of the artPhotodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 2009
- Porphyrin-grafted cellulose fabric: New photobactericidal material obtained by “Click-Chemistry” reactionMaterials Letters, 2009
- Fabric Treated with Antimicrobial N-Halamine EpoxidesIndustrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2007
- Symposium‐in‐Print: Singlet Oxygen Invited ReviewPhotochemistry and Photobiology, 2006
- Water disinfection using photosensitizers immobilized on chitosanWater Research, 2006
- Photodynamic therapy: a new antimicrobial approach to infectious disease?Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 2004
- Surface Functionalization Technique for Conferring Antibacterial Properties to Polymeric and Cellulosic SurfacesLangmuir, 2003
- Biologically active polymers. V. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of modified poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) derivatives with quaternary ammonium and phosphonium saltsJournal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 2002
- Photosensitization of Wild and Mutant Strains ofEscherichia colibymeso-Tetra (N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphineBiochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1999
- Flow properties of microcrystalline cellulose suspension prepared by acid treatment of native celluloseColloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 1998