Personal Control in Organizations: A Longitudinal Investigation with Newcomers
- 1 March 2000
- journal article
- research article
- Published by SAGE Publications in Human Relations
- Vol. 53 (3), 311-339
- https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726700533002
Abstract
Personal control over one's work environment is an important theme in many branches of the social sciences. In the present study, longitudinal field data were used to assess a model of personal control in organizational settings. Business school graduates completed questionnaires prior to graduation and after 4 months (n = 297) and 10 months (n = 231) on the job. The results suggest two distinct responses to perceived personal control. The first implies a proactive orientation where control begets control: self-efficacy was positively associated with control, both variables were positively associated with problem-focused reactance, control and reactance were both negatively related to helplessness, and helplessness was negatively related to work adjustment. The second response to personal control implies a reactive orientation where unmet expectations prompt a sense of futility and withdrawal: control was negatively associated with unmet expectations, and unmet expectations were positively associated with helplessness and negatively associated with work adjustment.Keywords
This publication has 51 references indexed in Scilit:
- Common Methods Bias: Does Common Methods Variance Really Bias Results?Organizational Research Methods, 1998
- Seasickness as a self-fulfilling prophecy: Raising self-efficacy to boost performance at sea.Journal of Applied Psychology, 1995
- A Hierarchical Model of Participatory Decision-Making, Job Autonomy, and Perceived ControlHuman Relations, 1992
- Alumni and their alma mater: A partial test of the reformulated model of organizational identificationJournal of Organizational Behavior, 1992
- The experience of powerlessness in organizationsOrganizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 1989
- Practical Issues in Structural ModelingSociological Methods & Research, 1987
- Self-Efficacy: Implications for Organizational Behavior and Human Resource ManagementAcademy of Management Review, 1987
- Perceived Control by Employees: A Meta-Analysis of Studies Concerning Autonomy and Participation at WorkHuman Relations, 1986
- Difference score measures of organizational behavior variables: A critiqueOrganizational Behavior and Human Performance, 1981
- Autonomy and Participation at WorkHuman Relations, 1977