Association of Smoking Status, Weight Change, and Incident Metabolic Syndrome in Men: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study
Open Access
- 23 April 2009
- journal article
- Published by American Diabetes Association in Diabetes Care
- Vol. 32 (7), 1314-1316
- https://doi.org/10.2337/dc09-0060
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We investigated the incidence of the metabolic syndrome and assessed the effect of smoking status and weight change on incident metabolic syndrome. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This study included 4,542 men without metabolic syndrome at baseline who were followed for an average of 3 years. Subjects were divided into four categories according to smoking status at baseline and at the 3-year follow-up. RESULTS: The overall incidence of metabolic syndrome was 10.6%: 8.0% in nonsmokers, 7.1% in new smokers, 17.1% in ex-smokers, and 13.9% in sustained smokers (P < 0.001). In a multivariate regression model, ex-smokers had significantly increased odds for incident metabolic syndrome with a mean 1.45 (95% CI 1.06–1.98) compared with sustained smokers. This was no longer significant after including weight change. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking cessation within 3 years may be a higher risk factor for incident metabolic syndrome than sustained smoking, indicating that weight control in ex-smokers is critical to attenuate the additional risk for incident metabolic syndrome.This publication has 14 references indexed in Scilit:
- Association between cigarette smoking, metabolic syndrome, and carotid arteriosclerosis in Japanese individualsAtherosclerosis, 2005
- Smoking cessation and weight gainObesity Reviews, 2004
- The prospective relationships between smoking and weight in a young, biracial cohort: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1998
- The prospective relationships between smoking and weight in a young, biracial cohort: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1998
- Cigarette Smoking and Insulin Resistance in Patients with Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes MellitusJournal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 1997
- Cigarette Smoking and Insulin Resistance in Patients with Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus1Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 1997
- The Influence of Smoking Cessation on the Prevalence of Overweight in the United StatesThe New England Journal of Medicine, 1995
- Insulin resistance and cigarette smokingThe Lancet, 1992
- Smoking Cessation and Severity of Weight Gain in a National CohortThe New England Journal of Medicine, 1991
- Studies in the Distribution of Body FatJAMA, 1989