Happy Ending: a randomized controlled trial of a digital multi‐media smoking cessation intervention
- 5 February 2008
- Vol. 103 (3), 478-484
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02119.x
Abstract
To assess the long-term efficacy of a fully automated digital multi-media smoking cessation intervention. Two-arm randomized control trial (RCT). Setting World Wide Web (WWW) study based in Norway. Subjects (n = 396) were recruited via internet advertisements and assigned randomly to conditions. Inclusion criteria were willingness to quit smoking and being aged 18 years or older. The treatment group received the internet- and cell-phone-based Happy Ending intervention. The intervention programme lasted 54 weeks and consisted of more than 400 contacts by e-mail, web-pages, interactive voice response (IVR) and short message service (SMS) technology. The control group received a self-help booklet. Additionally, both groups were offered free nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Abstinence was defined as 'not even a puff of smoke, for the last 7 days', and assessed by means of internet surveys or telephone interviews. The main outcome was repeated point abstinence at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months following cessation. Participants in the treatment group reported clinically and statistically significantly higher repeated point abstinence rates than control participants [22.3% versus 13.1%; odds ratio (OR) = 1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12-3.26, P = 0.02; intent-to-treat). Improved adherence to NRT and a higher level of post-cessation self-efficacy were observed in the treatment group compared with the control group. As the first RCT documenting the long-term treatment effects of such an intervention, this study adds to the promise of digital media in supporting behaviour change.This publication has 12 references indexed in Scilit:
- A review of computer and Internet-based interventions for smoking behaviorAddictive Behaviors, 2006
- Telephone counselling for smoking cessationPublished by Wiley ,2005
- Do u smoke after txt? Results of a randomised trial of smoking cessation using mobile phone text messagingTobacco Control, 2005
- Randomized controlled trial of a web‐based computer‐tailored smoking cessation program as a supplement to nicotine patch therapyAddiction, 2005
- Group behaviour therapy programmes for smoking cessationPublished by Wiley ,2004
- Individual behavioural counselling for smoking cessationPublished by Wiley ,2004
- Physician advice for smoking cessationPublished by Wiley ,2004
- Nursing interventions for smoking cessationPublished by Wiley ,2004
- The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance QuestionnaireBritish Journal of Addiction, 1991
- The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1986