Reconstructed W(001) surface: distortion and phonons atT=0

Abstract
Effective bulk and surface interatomic potentials are used to construct a quantitative description of the c(2×2) reconstruction of the clean W(001) surface. Appropriate Landau-Ginzburg Hamiltonians for the reconstruction are described, and numerical values for their parameters are obtained at T=0 from our effective Hamiltonian. The full phonon spectrum of the reconstructed surface is then calculated. Prominent surface modes and resonances characteristic of this reconstruction are identified and discussed in detail.